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SCHOOL LAWS 



OF 



NORTH caroli:na, 



AS RATIFIED APRIL 12TH, A. D. 1869, 



WITH 



mSTEUCTIONS, FORMS, PLANS OF SCHOOL 

HOUSES, AND DIRECTIONS FOR 

ARRANGING DESKS, 

GROUNDS, <fec. 



PUBLISHED BY AUTHORITY. 



RALEIGH: 

M. S. LITTLEFIELD, STATE PRINTER AND BINDER. 
1869. 



3 



^ INTRODUCTION 



STATE OF E'OETH CAEOLHSTA, 

Office Supekintendent Public Insteuction, 
Kaleigli, September 1st, 1869, 

Section 69 of the School Law requires the Superintendent 
■of Public Instruction to cause all School Laws to be printed 
in a pamphlet form, and to annex thereto forms for making 
reports and conducting school business; also the course of 
study, rules, regulations and such suggestions on school archi- 
tecture as he may deem useful, wdth such wood cuts and plans 
of school houses as he may be able to obtain. " He shall 
furnish each school officer and teacher Avith at least one copy 
of said pamphlet." 

The following laws, instructions, forms, &c., are published 
in accordance with the aforesaid requirements. Certain other 
forms and blanks which are required will be prepared at, and 
sent directly from, this office. 

The designs and plans, on pages ■ , with the accompa- 
nying descriptions are, by the generous permission of Major 
General O. O. Howard, copied from " A Manual on School 
Houses and Cottages," by C. Tiiueston Chase, Superintendent 
of Education, Florida, and published by the Bureau of 
Kefugees, Freedmen, &c. 

The designs and jjlans on pages have been adopted 

by the State Board of Education of Maryland. Workino- 



Jl mTBODUCTIOJf. 

plans of these buildings will be furnished to County Commis- 
sioners from this office. County Commissioners will furnish 
said plans to Township Committees. 

The directions accompanying these plans, and the bills of 
material and labor, are sufficiently explicit to enable any 
ordinary mechanic to estimate their expense and to erect them 
in an economical and satisfactory manner. 

School authorities are at liberty to build according to any 
of these designs, as all of them are approved by the Board of 
Education. (School Law, Section 22, 8 Proviso.) 

Our School System is far from complete. The candid and 
careful examination of all that is herewith published, is solic- 
ited from School Officers, Teachers and all friends of Free 
Public Instruction in the State. * 

S. S. ASHLEY, 
Superintendent of Piiblic Indruction. 



[IS". B. — In sections 48 and 49 of the School Law the word " Committees" 
should doubtless he " Commissioners," for the act creates no such body as 
County Committee. The word " Commissioners " is therefore printed in brackets. 



CONSTITUTION. 



The following are the provisions of the Constitution relating 
to Public Schools and the University : 



DECLARATION OF EIGHTS. 

Sec. 2Y. The people have a right to the privilege of 
€ducation, and it is the duty of the State to guard and main- 
tain that right. 

ARTICLE IX. EDUCATION. 

Section 1. Religion, morality, and knowledge being 
necessary to good government and happiness of mankind, 
schools and the means of education shall forever be en- 
couraged. 

Sec. 2. The General Assembly, at its first session under 
this Constitution, shall provide by taxation and otherwise 
for a general and uniform system of Public Schools, wherein 
tuition shall be free of charge to all the children of the State 
between the ages of six and twenty one years. 

Sec. 3. Each County of the State shall be divided into a 
convenient number of districts, in v/hich one or more public 
schools shall be maintained, at least four months in every 
year ; and if the Co]nmissioner3 of any County shall fail to 
€omply with the aforesaid requirements of this section, they 
shall be liable to indictment. 



6 COXSTITUTIO.X. 

Sec. 4. The proceeds of all lands that have been, or here- 
after may be granted by the United States to this State and 
not otherwise specially appropriated by the United States or 
heretofore by this State ; also, all moneys, stocks, bonds, and 
other property now belonging to any fund for purposes of 
education ; also, the net proceeds that may accrue to the 
State from sales of estrays, or from fines, penalties and for- 
feitures ; also, the proceeds of all sales of the swamp land& 
belongiug to the State ; also, all money that shall be paid as- 
an equivalent for exemption from military duty ; also, all 
grants, gifts or devises that may hereafter be made to this 
State, and not otherwise appropriated by the grant, gift or 
devise, shall be securely invested, and sacredly preserved as 
an irreducible educational fund, the annual income of which^ 
together with so much of the ordinary revenue of the State 
as may be necessary, shall be faithiully appropriated for estab- 
lishing and perfecting in this State a system of free public 
schools, and for no other purposes or uses whatsoever. 

Sec. 5. The University of ISTorth Carolina, with its lands:, 
emoluments and franchises, is under the control of the State,, 
and shall be held to an inseparable connection with the free- 
public school system of the State. 

Sec. 6. The General Assembly shall provide that th& 
benefits of the University, as far as practicable, be extended 
to the youth of the State free of expense for tuition ; alsOy 
that all the property which has heretofore accrued to the State,, 
or shall hereafter accrue from escheats, unclaimed dividends,, 
or distributive shares of the estates of deceased persons, shall 
be appropriated to the use of the University. 

Sec. 7. The Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Secretary 



COJVSTITUTIOJV. 7 

of State, Treasurer, Auditor, Superintendent of Public 
Works, Superintendent of Public Instruction and Attorney 
General, shall constitute a State Board 6f Education. 

Sec. 8. The Governor shall be President, and the Super- 
intendent of Public Instruction shall be Secretary, of the 
Board of Education. 

Sec. 9. The Board of Education shall succeed to all the 
powers and trusts of the President and Directors of the 
to Literary Eund of I^orth Carolina, and shall have full power 
legislate and make all needful rules and regulations in relation 
to free public schools, and the Educational Eund of the State ; 
but all acts, rules and regulations of said Board mav be 
altered, amended or repealed by the General Assembly, and 
when so altered, amended or repealed they shall not be re- 
enacted by the Board. 

Sec. 10. The first session of the Board of Education shall 
be held at the Capital of the State, within fifteen days after 
the organization of the State government under this Consti- 
tution ; the time of future meeting may be determined by 
the Board. 

Sec. 11. A majority of the Board shall constitute a quorum 
for the transaction of business. 

Sec. 12. The contingent expenses of the Board shall be 
provided for by the General Assembly. 

Sec. 13. The Board of Education shall elect Trustees for 
the University, as follows : one Trustee for each County in 
the State, whose term of office shall be eight years. The first 
meeting of the Board shall be held within ten (10) days after 
their election, and at this and every subsequent meeting, ten 
Trustees shall constitute a quorum. The Trustees, at their 



S COJfSTITUTIOM. 

first meeting, shall be divided, as equally as may be, into four 
classes. The seats of the first class shall be vacated at the 
expiration of two years ; of the second class, at the expiration 
of four years ; of the third class, at the expiration of six 
years ; of the fourth class, at the expiration of eight years ; 
so that one-fourth may be chosen every second year. 

Sec. 14. The Board of Education and the President of the 
University shall be ex officio members of the Board of Trus- 
tees of the University ; and shall, with three other Trustees, 
to be appointed by the Board of Trustees, constitute the 
Executive Committee of the Trustees of the University of 
North Carolina, and shall be clothed with the powers dele- 
gated to the Executive Committee under the existing organi- 
zation of the Institution. The Governor shall be ex officio 
President of the Board of Trustees and Chairman of the 
Executive Committee of the University. The Board of Edu- 
cation shall provide for the more perfect organization of the 
Board of Trustees. 

Sec. 15. All the privileges, rights, franchises and endow- 
ments heretofore granted to, or conferred upon, the Board of 
Trustees of the University of ISTorth Carolina by the charter 
of 1789, or by any subsequent legislation, are hereby vested 
in the Board of Trustees, authorized by this Constitution, for 
the perpetual benefit of the University. 

Sec. 16. As soon as practicable after the adoption of this 
Constitution, the General Assembly shall establish and 
maintain in connection with the University, a Department of 
Agriculture, of Mechanics, of Mining, and of ISTormal In- 
struction. 



COJfSTITUTIOM. 9 

Sec. 17. The General Assembly is hereby empowered to 
«nact that every child of sufficient mental and physical 
ability shall attend the public schools during the period 
between the ages of six and eighteen years, for a term of not 
-less than sixteen months, unless educated by other means. 



^ 



SCHOOL LAW. 



AN ACT TO PROVIDE FOR A SYSTEM OF PUBLIC 
INSTRUCTION. 

Tlie General Asseinbly of North Carolina do enact asfolloios : 

BOABD OF EDUCATIOlSr. 

Section 1. That the Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Secre- 
tary of State, Treasurer, Auditor, Attorney General, Snperin- 
tendant of Public Instruction and Superintendent of Public 
Works, do constitute a Board of Education, and shall meet at 
such times as a majority of the Board shall appoint : jPro- 
vided, That the Governor may assemble the members of said 
Board any time at his discretion. 

Sec. 2. The Board of Education may, from time to time, 
as the same shall accumulate, securely invest the Public 
School Fund in bonds and securities of the State or of the 
United States. 

Sec. 3, The Board of Education shall prescribe the course 
of studies to be pursued, text books and other school teaching 
material to be used in the public schools of the State : I^ro- 
vided, That no sectarian or political text books shall be used. 
Also, the manner of examining and approbating teachers. 

Sec. 4. The State Auditor shall keep a separate and dis- 
tinct account of the public school fund, and of the interest and 



m SCHOOL LAW. 

income thereof, also of such moneys as may be raised by State, 
County and capitation tax, or otherwise, for school purposes. 
He shall draw his warrant on the State Treasurer in favor of 
any County Treasurer, whenever such County Treasurer shall 
present an order from the Board of Education. 

Sec. 5. The State Trc^asurer shall be Treasm-er of the Board 
■of Education. 

Sec. 6. The State Treasurer sh;ill receive, and hold as a 
-special deposit, all school funds paid into the Treasury, and 
pay them out only on the warrant of the State Auditor, issued 
on the order of the Board of Education, attested by the seal 
of the State Board of Education, in favor of each County 
Treasurer, which order, duly endorsed by the County Treas- 
urer, shall be only valid vouchers in the hands of the State 
"Treasurer for the disbursement of the aforesaid school money. 

Sec. Y. The net annual income of the public shool fund 
shall be distributed among the several Counties of the State, 
in proportion to the number of children to be instructed, at 
such time as the Board of Education shall direct. 

Sec 8. The share of the public school fund to which each 
County shall be deemed to be entitled, shall be paid to the 
County Treasurer, or his lawful attorney, upon the order of 
the Board of Education and the warrant of the Auditor. 

Sec 9. All m.oneys belonging or owing to the public school 
fund, or accruing as revenue therefrom, shall be paid to the 
Treasurer of the Board of Education, and shall not be paid 
out, except by order of the Board of Education and on the 
warrant of the Auditor. 

Sec. 10. The County Commissioners shall, in their respec- 
tive Counties, order a tax for the purchase of sites for school 



SCHOOL LAW. m 

houses, for building or renting scliool houses : Promded, 
That such site cannot be obtained by donation or otherwise ;. 
which said tax shall be assessed and collected in the same 
manner as the County taxes, and the Sheriif or collector shall 
collect and pay over the same to the County Treasurer, in the 
same way as other taxes, and his bonds shall contain a condi- 
tion for the faithful collection and payment of the school 
taxes ; and for a breach of the conditions, the County Com- 
missioners shall have the same remedies against him and his 
sureties as are given to the County Commissioners for 
enforcing the payment of ordinary County funds. 

Sec. 11. The County Treasurer of each County shall : 

1. Be the Treasurer of all funds for public school purposes 
belonging to the different Townships, arising from whatever 
source. Before entering upon the duties of his office he shall 
give to the County Commissioners a separate bond, with 
sufficient security, in double the probable amount of school 
money that shall come into his hands. 

2. Receive and hold all school moneys as a special deposit, 
and shall keep a separate account with the several Townships 
which shall be entitled to receive them. 

Sec. 12. The County Treasurer shall disburse the school 
funds which shall come into his possession only on the orders 
of the Clerk of the School Committee under the direction of 
the Committee. 

Sec. 13. The County Treasurer shall in no case pay any 
order in favor of a teacher, unless tlie same shall be accompa- 
nied with a report from the School Committee, stating the 
name of the teacher, the length of time fur which the school 
may have been kept during the current year, nor unless the 



IJj. SCHOOL LAW. 

teacher exliibit a regular certificate of mental and moral qnal- 
ification from the County Examiner dated vrithin one year of 
that time. 

Sec. li. The County Treasurer shall make annually, on or 
before the first day of September, a financial report for the 
last preceding school and fiscal year to the Superintendent of 
Public Instruction, in such form as may be required by said 
Superintendent. 

Sec. 15. In each Township there shall be biennially elected, 
by the qualified voters thereof, a School Committee, to con- 
sist of three persons, who shall establish and maintain, for at 
least four months in every year, a sufiicient number of schools 
at convenient localities, which shall be for the education of all 
children between the ages of six and twenty-one years residing 
therein. 

Sec. 16. The School Committee of each Township, within 
fifteen days after their election, shall assemble at the most 
central school house in their jurisdiction for qualification, and 
the transaction of business relating to the free public schools. 
Adjourned or special meetings may be held whenever, in their 
discretion, they are required 

Sec. 17. At the first session the Committee shall elect a 
Chairman. 

!:^EC. IS. The School Committee and their successors in 
office shall be a body politic and corporate in law, and as 
sucli, maybe contracted with, sue and be sued, plead and be 
impleaded in an}- Court of law, and may receive any gift, 
grant, donation or devise made for the use of any school or 
schools within their jurisdiction, and, moi'eover, in their cor- 
porate capacity, they shall be, and are hereby entrusted with 



SCHOOL LAW. 15 

the care and custody of all school houses, school house sites 
grounds, books, apparatus or other school property belonging 
to their respective jurisdictions, with full power to control 
the same in such manner as they may deem best for the 
interest of public schools and the cause of education ; and 
when, in the opinion of the committee, any school house or 
school house site, or other public school property, has become 
unnecessary for school purposes, they may sell to the highest 
bidder and cinvey the same in the name of the School Com- 
mittee of the proper township, after twenty days' notice being 
given of such sale ; such conveyance to be executed by the 
Chairman and Clerk of said committee, and the avails of such 
sale shall be paid to the County Treasurer for the benefit of 
schools in the township, and all conveyances in real estate 
which may be made to said committee, shall be to said com- 
mittee in their corporate name and to their successors in 
office. 

Sec. 19. The School Committee shall, as occasion may 
require, designate, and purchase, or lease, or receive by dona- 
tion, suitable sites for school houses ; and whenever they are 
unable thus to obtain such sites they shall report to the 
County Commissioners, with the reasons why they have not 
procured the same ; and the County Commissioners there- 
upon shall appoint three disinterested citizens, who shall lay 
■off not more than two acres, and not less than one-half acre, 
a site for each school house required to be built, and condemn 
the same for the use aforesaid, and assess the value thereof, 
which assessed value shall be paid by the School Committee 
out of the township school fund, to the owner of the land so 
condemned, or into the office of the County Treasurer for the 



16 SCHOOL LAW. 

benefit of saeh owner; and tlie land condemned and paid for 
sliall be vested in the committee and their successors ; Pro- 
vided, That the County Commissioners shall not condemn 
any land improved by buildings, culture or otherwise ; And 
p7'omded further, That if after the purchase the committee 
see fit to remove the school, then the original owner of the 
land or his vendee shall have the right to take the land at 
the original price, with the privilege to the committee of 
removing the building or other improvements. 

Sec. 20. The School Committee shall, in one month after 
their term of ofiice commences, report in writing to the 
County Commissioners the number and condition of school 
houses in the Township ; and on failure so to report, shall 
each forfeit and pay five dollars, to be recovered by suit before- 
any Justice of the Peace in the name of the County Com- 
missioners. 

Sec. 21. The said committee shall prepare a map of their 
respective townships as often as they shall deem it necessary, 
on which shall be designated the location of the several schools 
of the township, which location they may change or alter at 
any regular session of the committee ; and shall regulate the 
number of scholars assigned to each school ; and in the loca- 
tion of schools, the committee shall have reference to popula- 
tion and neighborhood, having due regard to any school house 
already built or site procured, and to whatever other circum- 
stances may effect the best interests of the schools. 

Sec. 22. The committee is hereb}'' required : 

1. To furnish to each teacher a list of the pupils assigned 
his or her school. 

2. To suspend from the privileges of the schools any pupils 



SCHOOL LAW. 17 

found guilty of disorderly conduct, -whicli suspension shall not 
extend beyond the current session of the school. 

3. To employ and dismiss teachers, attendants, mechanics 
and laborers ; also fix, allow and order paid their salaries and 
wages. 

4. To maintain all the schools established by them for an 
equal length of time during the year, with equal rights and 
privileges. 

5. To make and enforce rules and regulations not in con- 
flict with the general regulations of the State Board of Edu- 
cation for the government of schools, pupils and teachers. 

6. To provide and order paid for out of the township school 
moneys, school furniture, apparatus and such other articles, 
materials or supplies as may be necessary for school use, or for 
;the use of the committee. 

Y. To rent, furnish and repair school houses. 

8. To build school houses, when directed by a vote of the 
town or by an order of the County Commissioners : Provided, 
That the committee shall not in any case build a stone or 
brick school house upon any site for which they have not a 
ititle in fee, also they shall not in any case build a frame school 
Chouse on any site for which they have riot a title in fee, with- 
out securing the privilege of moving said school house when 
lawfully directed so to do : Provided further, That the loca- 
tion, plan and estimate for any proposed school house be 
approved by the Superintendent of Public Instruction and 
the Board of Education ; and in all plans regard shall be had 
to taste, convenience, durability and economy. 

9. To require the series of text books, adopted by order of 



18 SCHOOL LAW. 

the State Board of Education, to be used exclusively in their 
schools. 

10. To require every teacher to keep a State School Reg- 
ister. 

11. To enforce in each school the course of study adopted 
and prescribed by the Board of Education. 

Sec. 23. The committee shall not receive into their 
hands any of the funds set apart for public schools ; but 
whenever it shall become necessary for them to incur any 
expense in the purchase of land for the erection of any 
school building, or for other lawful purposes, the committee^ 
shall make an account of the expense and draw on the^ 
county treasurer for the same, which account shall accom- 
pany the draft, and when approved by the County Commis- 
sioners, shall be paid by the County Treasurer : Provided^ 
That the township shall have in the hands of the County 
Treasurer a sum sufficient to meet the same. 

Sec. 24. The committee shall visit each school under their 
care at least twice each term for examination and thorough 
inspection. 

Sec. 25 In case any Township, at an annual meeting, shall 
fail to provide for schools to be taught at least four months, 
for that year, and to provide for fuel, and to make any other 
provisions necessary for the efficiency and success of the 
schools, the School Committee shall immediately forward to>- 
the County Commissioners an estimate of the necessary 
expenses, and a tax equal to the amount of such estimate- 
shall be levied on the township by the County Commis- 
sioners at the same time that the County taxes are levied, 
and the School Committee, under direction of the County 



SCHOOL LAW. 19 

Commiesioners, shall provide whatever shall be necessary for 
the schools for four months, and pay all exjtenses for the 
same out of the funds raised by the tax to be levied or pro- 
vided in this section. 

Sec. 26. The Committee shall hire for, and in the name of 
the township, such teachers as may have been approved as 
qualified according to law, and shall make witli such teachers 
a written contract specifying the time for which the teachers 
are to be employed, the wages to be paid per month, and other 
agreement witnessed unto by the contracting parties ; and 
shall furnish the teacher with a duplicate of such contract^ 
and the original shall be kept on file in the oflice of the Clerk 
of the township. 

Sec. 2Y. The commmittee shall give orders on the Treas- 
urer for the payment of wages due teachers, and every sucfe 
order shall state the services or consideration for which the 
order is drawn, and the name of the person rendering such 
service. 

Sec. 28. The committee shall annually report to the town- 
ship the number of schools within their jurisdiction ; the 
number and condition of school houses ; the length of time 
the schools have been taught during the year ; the number of 
male and female teachers, their names and salary per month ; 
the whole number of youth between six and twenty-one years 
of age actually resident in the township, according to the 
latest enumeration made for school purposes ; the number of 
scholars who attend school during the year, and the average 
daily attendance, distinguishing between males and females ; 
amount paid to teachers, amount paid for the rent, repair 
and improvement of school houses and the buildings and 



W SCHOOL LAW. 

grounds pertaining thereto, including lixtures and furniture, 
and the expense of cleaning and taking care of the same ; 
the amonnt paid for fuel ; the amount for other purpose ; 
total expenditures for the year ; titles of text books used ; 
value and kind of apparatus ; number of volumes in school 
libraries and their value ; with such explanations, remarks 
and additional information as the said committee may deem 
useful. Said report shall be read in open annual township or 
municipal meeting, and within ten days thereafter, the com- 
mittee shall forward an attested copy thereof to the County 
-Commssioners, and to the Superintendent of Public Instruc- 
tion. 

Sec. 29. Each School Committee of every County shall 
annually make an estimate of the amount of money neces- 
sary to be expended in their jurisdiction for purchasing school 
house sites, for erecting, renting, repairing and furnishing 
school houses, for wages of teachers, for fuel or for any other 
necessary purpose connected with the support of the public 
schools in said jurisdiction, for a period of not less than four 
months in each year; and a certified report of said estimate 
shall be made to the Trustees of the Township and to the 
County Commissioners ten days before the time for holding 
the annual or township meeting in each year. 

Sec. 30. It shall be the duty of each School Committee 
to make settlement with the County Treasurer at their regular 
meetings in September annually ; but if, for want of time 
or other reason, a settlement cannot be made at said session, 
then it shall be the duty of the committee to appoint a sub- 
committee, composed of one or more of their own number, to 
make such settlement as soon as practicable and report the 



SCHOOL LAW. 21 

result to the Clerk of tlie committee, who shall enter an 
abstract thereof in the records of the committee. 

Sec. 31. The School Committee of any Township are 
authorized to make arrangements with the committee of any 
adjacent township for the attendance of such children as 
will be better accommodated in the public schools of such 
adjacent township, and to pay such a portion of the expense 
of said schools as shall be agreed on, or as may be just and 
proper. 

Sec. 32. It shall be the duty of the School Committee to 
take in the month of June an exact census of all children 
and youth between the ages of six and twenty-one years. 
In their returns they shall distinguish between males and 
females, and between white and colored : they shall take spe- 
cifically and separately a census of all Indian children between 
the aforesaid ages, especially of those who live under the 
guardianship of white persons, with the names of such guar- 
dians. All children who may be absent from home attending 
colleges, boarding schools, and any private or public semi- 
nary of learning, shall be included by the committee in the 
census list of the township in which their parents or guardians 
reside, and shall not be taken by the School Committee of 
the locality where they may be attending such private insti- 
tutions ot learning. The committee shall further report such 
other statistics as may be required by the Superintendent of 
Public Instruction or township committees ; they shall make 
a full and sworn return thereof on the blanks furnished for 
that purpose to the County Examiner, on or before the first 
day of July next after their appointment, and deliver a copy 
to the School Committee of the township. 



22 SCHOOL LAW. 

Sec. 33. The County Commissioners of each County respec- 
tively shall, as soon as practicable after the passage of this 
act, and biennially thereafter, on or before the fourth day of 
March, appoint some person resident of the County, of good 
moral character and of suitable attainments, to be styled 
" County Examiner," who shall hold his office for two years 
and until his successor shall have been duly commissioned and 
qualified. 

Sec, 34. In case the County Commissioners of an}- County 
shall fail to make the appointment of County Eexaminer, as 
provided in section thirty-three, the State Superintendent of 
Public Instruction shall nominate, and the State Board of 
Education shall make the appointment for the delinquent 
County. 

Sec. 35. The County Commissioners shall allow the County 
Examiner a sum not to exceed three dollars per day for each 
day of actual service, to be paid by the County Treasurer, 
out of the school fund, upon the order of the Commissioners, 
said service to be determined by the County Commissioners. 

Sec. 3G. The County Examiner shall have power, and it 
shall be his duty : 

1. To examine all who may apply for employment as 
teachers in his County: of the place and time of holding such 
examination he shall give notice by advertising in some news- 
paper, which is either published or has general circulation in 
the County, or by written posters ; he shall also send such 
notice to each Township School Committee of the County at 
least twenty days before the day appointed for examination. 
The said examination shall be conducted accordins; to rules 



SCHOOL LAW. 23 

«,nd regulations prescribed by the Superintendent of Public 
Instruction and the State Board of Education. 

2. To keep a record of the name and residence of every 
candidate ; to revoke the certificate of any incompetent or 
unworthy teacher, and report forthwith the said action to the 
County Commissioners and the Superintendent of Public 
Instruction. 

3. To rer)ort forthwith to the County Commissioners and 
School Committees of the County, also to the State Superin- 
tendent of Public Instruction the name and residence of every 
-candidate who has received a certificate of approbation. 

4. To report to the Superintendent of Public Instruction 
■annually, on or before the first day of October, for the school 
year next preceding, such statistics as may be required by 
liim, or by the State Board of Education. 

5. To enforce the course of study as far as practicable, as 
provided for in section forty. 

6. To enforce the rules and regulations required in the 
■examination of teachers. 

7. To provide and keep on file one copy each of whatever 
-school documents may be forwarded to him from the Depart- 
ment of Public Instruction. 

8. To keep a record of his oflicial acts. 

9. To carefully preserve all reports of school ofiicers and 
teachers, and at the close of his oflicial term deliver to his 
successor all records, books, documents and papers belonging 
to his office, taking a receipt therefor, which shall be filed in 
-the ofiice of the County Clerk. 

Sec. 3Y. The Examiner shall, whenever he deems it neces- 
sary for the health or comfort of pupils, require the committee 



2J{. SCHOOL LAW. 

of the township concerned, to repair any school buildings or 
property, or to abate any nuisance in or about any premises. 
He shall, also, in all cases, require the committee to provide 
such water closets and out houses as decency and economy 
require. 

Sec. 38. The certificate granted by the County Examiner 
shall be valid only for the County in which it is granted. 

SCHOOLS. 

Sec. 39. The School Committee of any township may admit 
to the public school adults and children not residing therein, 
whenever good reasons exist for such reception. 

Sec. 40. Instruction shall be given in the schools ot the 
several grades as follows, viz : reading, writing, orthography, 
arithmetic, geography, English grammar, and the Board of 
Education maj^ require such other studies as may be deemed 
necessary : Provided, That no such studies shall be pursued 
to the neglect or exclusion of the studies herein specified, and 
that thorough instruction shall first be given in all the enumer-^ 
ated branches. 

Sec. 41. Eor the purpose of protecting the health of young 
children, it is hereby provided that no school shall be con- 
tinued in session more than six hours a day exclusive of inter- 
mission. Any teacher guilty of a violation of the provisions 
of this section shall be summarily dismissed by the School 
Committee. 

Sec. 42. Minors under guardianship, their father having 
deceased, may attend the public schools of the township of 
which their guardian is an inhabitant. 



SCHOOL LAW. 25 



PUPILS. 



Sec. 43. Pupils shall be admitted into the schools in the 
order in which they apply to be registered ; and all pupils who 
may be admitted into public schools shall comply with the 
regulations established in pursuance of law for the govern- 
ment of such schools, and shall pursue the required conrse of 
study, and shall submit to the authority of the teachers of 
such schools. Con tinned and wilful disobedience and open 
defiance of the authority of the teachers shall constitute good 
canse for expulsion from school, and habitual profanit}^ and 
vulgarity good canse for snspension from school. Any pupil 
who shall in any way cut, deface, defile or otherwise injure 
any school house, fences or out-buildings thereof, shall be 
liable to suspension and punishment ; and the parents or guar- 
dian of such pupil shall be liable for damages on complaint of 
the teacher, or of any school officer. 



TEACHERS. 

Sec. M. ]^o person who shall teach in any common school 
of this State without a prescribed certificate shall be entitled 
to receive for such services any compensation from revenues 
raised for the support of public schools : Provided, That if 
his certificate expire by limitation, during the time for which 
he may be engaged in teaching any school, such expiration 
shall not have the eifect to interrupt his school or to debar his 
claim against the school revenues for the payment of teachers' 
wages. 



26 SCHOOL law: 

Sec. 45. The principal teacher of every common school shall 
keep a daily register of his or her school, in the manner pre- 
scribed by the Superintendent of Pnblic Instruction, and indi- 
cated by the blank school register, to be furnished each school 
by the School Committee. 

Sec. 46. l^o teacher shall be entitled to any portion of his 
or lier salary or wages, nnless such teacher shall have been, 
employed by a majority of the committee; nor unless the 
holder of a legal State or County teacher's certificate in full 
force and effect. 

Sec. 47. Teachers shall hold each pupil to a strict accounta- 
bility, in school, for any disorderly conduct on the way to or 
from school, on the play grounds of the school, or during 
intermission or recess ; and may suspend from school any 
pnpil for good cause ; Provicled, That such suspension shall 
be reported by the teacher, in writing, to the committee as 
soon as practicable ; and if such action is not sustained by 
them, the teacher may appeal to the County Examiner, whose 
decision shall be final, whether for or against expulsion. 

Sec. 48. In all cases of refusal or revocation of a certificate, 
the teacher shall have the right of appeal from the County 
Examiner to the County Committee [Commissioners.] 

Sec. 49. Any teacher dismissed before the expiration of his 
or her contract made with any school authority, for alleged 
unfitness or incompetency, or violation of rules or law, shall 
have the right of appeal to the County Committee [Commis- 
sioners] and if such committee [Commissioners] shall decide 
that the removal was made without sufiicient cause, the 
teacher so removed shall be re-instated, and shall continue 
durino' the time of contract. 



SCHOOL LAW. 27 

Sec. 50. The school authorities of each and every township 
shall establish a separate school or separate schools for the 
instruction of children and youth of each race resident therein, 
and over six and under twenty-one years of age ; and such 
school or schools shall be supported, regulated and instructed 
in the same manner and to the same extent as any other 
public school or schools of the same grade. 

Sec. 51. No person shall be employed to teach any such 
separate schools who shall not, at the time of such employ- 
ment, be legally certified as qualified. 

CAPITATION TAX. 

Sec. 52. That the State and County capitation tax shall be 
collected at the same time and place, and by the same persons 
that State taxes are collected, and that seventy-five per cent, 
of said State and County capitation tax shall be paid into the 
State Treasury, as a revenue for the support of public schools. 

Sec. 53. In addition to the proceeds of the capitation tax, 
in order that the schools may be continued for the term of 
four months, the General Assembly hereby appropriates one 
hundred thousand dollars out of any moneys in the Treasury 
not appropriated otherwise, and authorize the Treasurer of 
the State to pay that sum to the County School Treasurer in 
tlie manner provided for in this act. 

DISTRIBUTION OF SCHOOL FUNDS. 

Sec. 54. All State school funds apportioned by the Superin- 
tendent of Public Instruction, and all County school moneys 



28 SCHOOL LAW. 

apportioned by County Commissioners, sliall be apportioned 
to the several townships in proportion to the number of school 
census children between six and twenty-one years, as shown, 
by the returns of the school census marshals for the next pre- 
ceding school year : Provided, That the first apportionment 
after the ratification of this act shall be according to the 
census taken by County Commissioners in eighteen hundred 
and sixty eight. 

Sec. 55. The school money raised by the appropriation 
required by this act shall be used for no other purpose than 
the payment of teachers legally qualified and employed under 
the provisions of this act. Township and County school 
money may be used by the County Commissioners and Town- 
ship School Committees, for the various purposes which are. 
authorized and provided for in this act. 

DUTIES, LIABILITIES AND CO^IPEK-SATION OF CLEKKS. 

Sec. 56. The School Committee of each township shall 
appoint one of their number to be Clerk of the committee. 
It shall be his duty : 

1. To attend the meetings of the committee and to record 
in a book to be provided for that purpose, all their oflicial 
proceedings, which shall be a public record, open to any 
person interested therein , and all such proceedings, when so 
recorded, shall be signed by the Chairman and Clerk. 

2. To sign all orders of the School Committee upon the 
County Treasurer. 

Sec. 57. Township Trustees shall allow the Township Clerk 
the same compensation out of the Township Treasury for 



SCHOOL LAW. 29 

preparing the annual returns of the School Committee to the 
Board of County Commissioners, and for issuing orders upon 
the County Treasurer for the payment of teachers, as is 
allowed for other services of like nature. 

Sec. 58. In case of failure to perform the duties prescribed 
iDy this act, the Clerk aforesaid shall be liable in an action for 
damages on the part of the School Committee of the town- 
ship. 

PENALTIES AND DISABILITIES. 

Sec, 59. Whenever any school officer is superceded by 
•election or otherwise, he shall immediately deliver to his suc- 
cessor in office all books, papers and school funds pertaining 
to his office ; and every such officer, who shall refuse so to do, 
or who shall wilfully mutilate or destroy any such books or 
papers, or any part thereof, or shall misapply any funds 
entrusted to him by virtue of his office, shall be guilty of a 
misdemeanor, and on conviction, shall be fined at the discre- 
tion of the Court, not exceeding one hundred dollars. 

Sec 60. Every person elected or appointed to any office 
mentioned in this act shall, before entering upon the discharge 
of the duties thereof, take the oath of office prescribed by the 
Oonstitution, article six, section four. In case such officer has 
a written appointment or commission, his oath shall be en- 
dorsed thereon ; otherwise it may be taken orally. In either 
case it may be sM^orn to before any officer authorized to 
administer oaths ; and school officers are hereby authorized to 
administer the oath required by their respective offices without 
charge or fee. 



30 SCHOOL LAW. 

Sec. 61. All fines and penalties, not otherwise provided for 
in this act, shall be collected by an action in any Court of 
competent jurisdiction. 

Sec. 62. All cases of disputes in relation to school matters, 
not properly belonging to Courts of justice, may be referred 
first to the County Commissioners and appealed to the State 
Superintendent of Public Instruction. 

THE SUPEEINTENDENT OF PUBLIC ESTSTKUCTION. 

Sec. 63'. The Superintendent of Public Instruction shall 
keep his office at the seat of government. He shall provide a 
seal for his ofiice, and copies of his acts and decisions, and of 
papers kept in his ofiice, and authenticated by his signature 
and official seal, shall be of the same force and validity as the 
original. He shall sign all requisitions on the Auditor for the 
payment of money out of the State Treasury for public school 
purposes. 

Seg. 64. He shall be furnished with such ofiice room, furni- 
ture, fuel and stationery as shall be necessary for the efiicient 
discharge of the duties of his ofiice, at the expense of the 
State. 

Sec. 65. He shall direct the operations of the system of 
public schools and enforce the regulations and laws in relation 
thereto. 

Sec. 66. He shall report to the Governor annually on the 
first of November. The Governor shall transmit such report 
to the Legislature, and, if ordered to be printed, the Secretary 
of State shall bind one hundred copies and deliver them to 
the Superintendent, who shall deposit two copies in the 



SCHOOL LAW. 31 

Library of the Department of Public Instruction, and one 
copy in each University, College and Normal School in the 
State. The remaining copies shall be distributed, one to the 
State Library of each State and Territory, and the others to 
such institutions of learning and persons as he may deem 
proper. The Legislature shall order at least five thousand 
pamphlet copies to be furnished the Superintendent, who shall 
distribute them as he may deem advisable to school officers 
and other persons in the several Counties. 

Sec. 6Y. Said reports shall contain a statement of the con- 
dition of the public schools in the State ; full statistical tables 
by Counties, showing among other statistics, the number of 
school children in the State, the number attending public 
schools, and the average attendance ; the number attending 
private schools, and the number not attending any schools ; 
the amount of State School Fund, the sources from which 
derived and how apportioned, the amount raised by County 
and township taxes, and from other sources of revenue for 
public school purposes; the amount expended for salaries of 
teachers, for building, improving and preserving school houses, 
a statement of plans for the management and improvement of 
schools and school buildings, of the condition of the State 
JS'ormal Schools, of the State Agricultural College, of all 
incorporated literary institutions required to report to him, of 
the Educational Department of the State Penitentiary, of the 
Institution for the Deaf and Dumb and the Blind, and of all 
other Educational Institutions, to which State appropriations 
may be made. 

Sec. 68. He shall apportion to the several Counties the 
school fund to which each may be entitled, and shall furnish 



S2 SCHOOL LAT^y 

to] the State Auditor, to each County Treasurer, and to the 
Commissioners of each County, an abstract of such apportion- 
ment, and shall draw his order on the State Auditor in favor 
of each County Treasurer, for the amount of State school fund 
to which such County is entitled ; and shall take each Treas- 
urer's receipt for the same. 

Sec, 69, He shall prepare and cause to be printed suitable 
forms for making all reports and conducting all necessary 
proceedings under this act, and shall transmit them to the 
local school officers and teachers, who shall be governed in 
accordance therewith. He shall furnish the County Examiner 
with suitable certificates, and shall prepare a State school 
register which shall be furnished to each school in the State. 
He shall cause all school laws to be printed in a pamphlet 
form, and shall annex thereto forms for making reports and 
conducting school business ; also the course of study, rules and 
regulations ; and such suggestions on school architecture as 
he may deem useful, with such wood cuts and plans of school 
houses as he may be able to obtain. He shall furnish each 
school officer and teacher vfith at least one copy of said 
pamphlet. 

Sec. "70. The Superintendent of Public Instruction shall at 
the expiration of his term of office deliver, on demand, to his 
successor, all property, books, documents, maps, records, 
reports and other things belonging to his office. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

Sec. 71. No child or youth between six and twenty-one 
years of age shall be excluded from the nearest public school 



'SCHOOL LAW. 33 

in the town to which such child or youth belongs, on accoHut 
of the inability of the parent, guardian or employer of the 
same, to pay his or her tax, or assessment for any schoo-l pm-- 
pose whatever. 

Sec. 72. Any money appropriated to the use of public 
schools, which shall be applied by a township, or any offieei* 
thereof, to any other purpose than that specified by law, sluall 
be forfeited to the State ; and any officer or person who sball 
fraudulently make a false certificate or order, by which aay 
money appropriated to public schools shall be drawn from the 
treasury of the State, or the County, shall forfeit and pay the 
sum of fifty dollars, and it shall be the duty of the Superai- 
tendent of Public Instruction to cause a suit to be instituted 
to recover said forfeitures. 

Sec. 73. Any citizen legally chosen or appointed who 
shall refuse to be qualified, or to discharge any duty imposed 
by this or any other act in relation to public schools sball 
forfeit the sura of ten dollars, to be collected by the Treasure!' 
of the Township in which such person resides, and paid into 
the County Treasury. 

Sec. 74. Every person who shall wilfully interrupt or dis- 
turb any public or private school, or any meeting lawfully 
and peaceably held for the purpose of literary or scieDtific 
improvement, either within or without the place where suci 
school or meeting is held, or of injuring any school building, 
or of defacing any school furniture, apparatus or otlier prop- 
erty, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and, on conviction 
thereof, shall be fined not exceeding one hundred dollars at the 
discretion of the court. 

Sec. 75. With the consent of the School Committee firet 
3 



34 SCHOOL LAW. 

obtained, minors between the ages of six and twenty-one 
jears may attend school in Townships other than those in 
which their parents reside. 

Sec. 76. The School Committee shall not allow any child 
to be admitted to, or connected with, the public schools, who 
is affected by any contagions or loathsome disease. 

Sec. 77. Every member of the School Committee, under 
whose directions a child is excluded from a public school, 
and every teacher of the school from which a child is 
excluded shall, on application by the parent or guardian of 
such child, state in writing the grounds and reason of such 
exclusion. 

Sec. 78, A child, unlawfully excluded from any public 
school, may recover damages therefor in a civil action, to be 
brought in the name of such child by his guardian or next 
friend against the Township by which such school is sup- 
ported. 

Sec. 79. A school day shall comprise six hours exclusive 
of recess ; a school month, twenty days, exclusive of the first 
and last day of each week ; a school term, four months. 

Sec. 80. The school year shall commence on the first day 
of October, and close on the thirtieth day of September. 

Sec. 81. All acts and resolutions heretofore enacted 
relating to common schools and the Literary Fund, and all 
other acts inconsistent with this act are hereby repealed. 

Sec. 83. This act shall be in force from and after its rati- 
:fication. 

Katified the 12th day of April, A. D. 1869. 



STUDIES AND RULES FOR EXAMINATION OF 
TEACHERS. 



STUDIES. 

"COURSE OF STUDIES PKESOBIBED FOR THE FREE PUBLIC SCHOOLS 
OF NORTH CAROLINA. 

1. Reading, Writing, Orthography, Arithmetic, Geography, 
lEnglish Grammar. (School Law, Section 40.) 

2. History of the United States, Physiology, Algebra, 
ITatural Philosophy, Botany, Chemistry, Book-keeping and 
Elocution. (Ordered by the Board of Education. See School 
Law, Section 40.) 

GRADES OF SCHOOLS. 

The Board of Educatioil have : 

Ordered^ That whenever it is practicable the schools of the 
^State be graded as follows, viz : 1st, High ; 2d, Grammar ; 
^d, Primary. 

Also, that the studies of the expected grades be as follows, 
"V'iz: 

Pbuviary or 3d Grade. — Charts, Primer, 1st Eeader, 2d 
Reader, Primary Arithmetic, Primary Geography, Writing on 
iSlate, Singing. 



36 STUDIES. 

Geamjviae ok 2d Grade. — 3d Eeader, 4th Eeader, Speller 
and Definer, Spelling by Writing, Writing in Books, Intel- 
lectual Arithmetic, Written Arithmetic, Advanced Geography, 
English Grammar, History, Physiology, Map Drawing, Eng- 
lish Composition, Elocution, Singing. 

High oe 1st Gkade. — ith Header, 5th Eeader, Spelling 
by Writing, Advanced Arithmetic, English Grammar, Algebra, 
JSTatural Philosophy, Astronomy, Chemistry, Physical Geog- 
raphy, Botany, Composition, Elocution, Map Drawing, Book- 
keeping, Singing. 

TEST BOOKS. 

To be used in the public schools of JSTorth Carolina as pre- 
scribed by the Board of Education, (School Law, Section 
3,) viz : 

EEADEKS A2^D SPELLERS. 

Parker and Watson's Primer. 
Parker and Watson's First Eeader. 
Parker and Watson's Second Eeader, 
Parker and Watson's Third Eeader. 
Parker and Watson's Fourth Eeader. 
Parker and Watson's Fifth Eeader, 
Willson's Fifth Eeader, 
Parker and Watson's Elementary Speller, 
Parker and Watson's Pronouncing Speller. 



STUDIES. 37 

AEITHMETICS. 

Davies' Primary Arithmetic, 
Davies' Intellectual Arithmetic. 
Davies' Elements of "Written Arithmetic. 
Davies' Practical Arithmetic. 

GEOGEAPHIES. 

Monteith's First Lessons in Geography. 

Monteith's Introduction to Manual of Geography. ' 

Monteith's Physical and Intermediate Geography. 

Guyot's Common School Geography. 

Mcl!Tally's Complete Geography. 

GEAMMAK. 

Harvey's Elementary Grammar. 
Harvey's Practical Grammar. 

HISTOEY. 

Monteith's Youth's History of the United States. 
Beer's System of Penm anship, (12 ISTo's.) 



S8 RULES OF EXAMIJiATIOM. 

EULES FOE THE EXAMmATION OF TEACHEES.. 

The Board of Education have adopted for the guidance of 
School Examiners, rules as follows : (School Law, Section 3.) 

1. That there shall be two grades of Teacher's Certificates, 
viz : No. 1, and No. 2. 

2. Every candidate must pass a satisfactory examination in- 
each study named in the certificate applied for. 

3. No certificate shall be valid after one year from the date- 
thereo!f. 



DUTIES AND POWERS OF THE BOARD OF 
EDUCATION AND OF STATE OFFICERS. 



I. BOARD OF EDUCATION. 

(See School Law, Sections 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 34, 36, (1,) (4.) 

II. STATE AUDITOR. 

(See School Law, Sections 1, 4, 8, 9.) 

ni. PUBLIC TKEASUREK. 

(See School Law, Sections 1, 5, 6.) 

IV. SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 

(See School Law, Sections 54, 62 — 70, inclusive.) 

V. TEACHERS. 

(See School Law, Sections 44—51, inclusive.) 

VI. COUNTY COMMISSIONERS. 

1. To exercise a general snj>evvision and control of the 
Schools, and of the levying of taxes in the County. (Consti- 
tution, Article YII, Section 2.) 

2. To direct the establishment and maintenance of Schools 
in the election precincts of whatever Counties are not men- 



40 DUTIES OF OFFICERS. 

tioned in the " Act Concerning Townships," ratified April 
12th, 1869. (See School Law, Section 22.) 

■3. To assess and levy Township School Taxes. (School 
Law, Sections 10, 25.) 

4z. To condemn land for school purposes. (School Law, 
Section 19.) 

5. To order Township Committee to build school houses 
and provide for schools in a certain exigency. (School Law, 
Section 25.) 

C To approve all drafts of the Township Committee upon 
the County Treasurer. (School Law, Section 23.) 

7. To take bond of the County Treasurer for all Township 
school funds that may come into his hands. (School Law, 
Section 81, (1.) 

8. To enforce penalties for neglect of duty. (School Law, 
Section 20.) 

i). To appoint County Examiner. (School Law, Section 23.) 

10. To decide cases of appeal from decision of County Ex- 
aminer. (School Law, Sections 48, 49.) 

11. To apportion to Townships tlie Public Scliool money 
which comes to the County from the Public Treasury, in pro- 
portion to the School Census children between six and 
twenty-one j^ears of age, the first apportionment to be accord- 
ing to census of 1868. (School Law, Section 54.) 

YII. COUNTY TKEASTJKES. 

1. Hold all school moneys as a special deposit, and keep an 
account with each Township. (School Law, Section 11, (2.) 



DUTIES OF OFFICERS. 11 

2. Pay the orders of Township Clerk approved by School 
Committee. (School Law, Section 12.) 

3. Pay Teachers. (See School Law, Section 13.) 

4. Make Annual Eeport to Superintendent of Public Li- 
struction. (School Law, Section 14.) 

5. To pay all moneys belonging to Public School Fund, 
and seventy-five per cent, of the State and County Capitation 
Tax, to the Public Treasurer, (School Law, Section 52.) 

VIII. COUNTY EXAMINEE. 

1. Per diem not to exceed three dollars, to be paid from the 
County School Fund, not from money received from the State 
Treasurer. (School Law, Sections 35, 55.) 

2. Term of office two years, and until his successor is 
appointed. School Law, Section 33.) 

3. To examine teacheis according to rules and regulations 
on page 38. (School Law, Section 36, (1.) 

4. To give notice of the time and place of holding examina- 
tions. (School Law, Section 36,(1.) 

5. To make report according to the Forms published here- 
with. 

6. To place on file school documents and keep a record of 
all official acts. (See Form, page .) 

7. To carefully inspect the schools of the County, and to 
require repairs, the abatement of nuisances and provision of 
proper out houses. (School Law, Section 37.) 

8. To revoke the certificate of any incompetent teacher. 
(School Law, Section 36, (2.) 



4^ DUTIES OF OFFICERS. 

IX. TOWNSHIP SCHOOL COMMITTEES. 

1. It is the duty of the Township School Committee ta 
assemble and be qualified within fifteen days after their 
election. 

2. To elect at the first meeting a Chairman and Clerk. 

3. To provide the Clerk with a book of record, in which 
shall be kept all the official proceedings of the Committee. 
(School Law, Section 56, (1.) 

4. To cause all the official proceedings to be signed by the 
Chairman and Clerk. (School Law, Section 56, (1.) 

5. To make within one month after their term of office 
commences, in writing, a report to the County Commissioners 
of the number and condition of school houses in their Town- 
ship. Penalty for neglect of this duty five dollars for each 
delinquent member of the Committee. (See School Law, 
Section 20.) 

6. To prepare a map of the Township, which shall designate 
the location of the several schools. (School Law, Section 21.) 

7. ISTo school must continue in session more than six hours 
a day, exclusive of recess. (School Law, Section 41.) 

8. Schools are not to be in session on Sunday or Saturday. 
A school month consists of twenty days, a school term of 

four months. (School Law, Section T9.) 

9. Make settlement with the County Treasurer in Septem- 
ber annuall}'. (School Law, Section 30.) 

10. Make arrangement with Committee of an adjacent 
Township for accommodation of pupils residing near the 
borders of the Township. (School Law, Section 31.) 

11. To exclude from school any child or youth, who is 



DUTIES OF OFFICERS. 43 

affected bj any contagious or loathsome disease. (School 
Law, Section Y6.) 

12. All reports should be made promptly. 

X. CLEEK OF THE SCHOOL COMMITTEE. 

1. To be qualified. (School Law, Section 60.) 

2. To keep a legible and accurate record of the proceedings 
of the School Committee and sign each day's proceedings. 
(School Law, Section 56, (1.) 

3. To sign all orders of the School Committee upon the 
County Treasury. (School Law, Section 56, (2.) 

4. To prepare the annual returns of the School Committee 
to the County Commissioners. (School Law, Section 57.) 

5. To faithfully deliver the books and papers belonging to 
his office to his successors. (School Law, Section 59.) 



FORMS. 



The following forms are submitted, in order to assist those 
-who hold office under the Constitution and the school law, 
and to secure a uniformity of practice and of reports. They 
are believed to conform to law, and to be safe precedents : 

1. Certificate of Election of School Officers. 

To of township in the County of 

, State of North Carolina : 

This certifies that you, the said , were, at a town- 
ship meeting, held on .... day of , A. D., 18 ... , 

elected to the office of ScBool Committee of said township, 
and are, by virtue of said election, fully authorized and 
empowered to discharge all the duties of said office, and to 
exercise all the powers thereto belonging according to law. 

By order of the Commissioners of County, State 

of North Carolina. 

Witness my hand, and the seal of said County hereto 
affixed by me, this .... day of , A. D. 18 . . . . 

Register and ex officio Cl'k of B'd of Co. Com. 



46 FORMS. 

2. Appointment of School Examiner. 

Office of County Commissioners, 
^ County, ,18 

Being satisfied that is competent to act as 

School Examiner for this County, under the " Act to provide 
for a system of Public Instruction," ratified April 12, A. D., 
1869, we do hereby appoint him to said oflBce for the term of 
two years from date, and until his successor shall be appointed. 

The pay of the aforesaid Examiner is hereby fixed at 
per day. 

r 

-| Commissioners. 

[Seal.] 



3. Engagement of School Officers. {School Law^ Section 60.) 

Before the subscriber personally appeared , and 

took the following oath : 

I, , do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will 

support and maintain the Constitution and laws of the United 
States, and the Constitution and laws of North Carolina not 
inconsistent therewith, and that I will faithfully discharge the 
duties of my office. So help me God. 

A. B. 

Township of , County of , the .... 

<aay of , A. D., 18.... 



FORMS. 47 

4. Records of School Committee. 

At a meeting of the School Committee of the township of 

, held according to notice at , on the 

.... day of , A. D., 18 ... , the following named 

members were present, viz : 

Voted, That A. B. be appointed Chairman of this committee. 

Yoted, That C. D. be appointed Clerk. 

(Here insert the business transacted.) 

Adjourned. 



Chairman. 



Cleric. 



FORMS FOK COMMITTEE. 

5. Contract with Teacher. 

County of 

The foll(>wing contract is this day entered into between the 

■School Committee (or County Commissioners) of 

township (of the County,) of and 

The said committee have engaged the said 

•as a teacher of school ISTo , in said township from the 

day of , and agree to pay him (or her) the 

sum per month. The said agrees 

to give instruction in the studies mentioned in grade 

certificate to such scholars as may attend the said school 
during the said term ; to faithfully discharge the duties 



Jf8 FORMS. 

required by law of scliool teachers ; and at the end of the 
term to furnish the said committee with the register of the 
school, said register having been kept according to law. 

In witness whereof, the said School Committee (or Commis- 
sioners,) and the said have hereunto set their hands 

and seals, this .... day of , IS . . 



Note. — A du}3licate of this contract must be furnisiied to the teacher, and 
origmal placed on file in the office of the township Clerk. (School Law, Sec- 
tion 26.) 



6. Payment of Teachers. 

The committee shall give orders on the County Treasurer 
for the payment of wages due teachers, and every such order 
must state the services or consideration for which the order 
is^drawn, and the name of the person rendering such services. 
(See School Law, Section 11 and 27.) 

FOKM OF DRAFT. 

Township , in the County of 

To , Treasurer of said County : 

Pay to the sum of for " services as a 



FORMS. A9 

teacher of school ^o , in township for at 

dollars per month. 



Clerk of School Committee. 

,18-. 

-Approved and ordered : 

1 

I 

\ Committee. 



TSToTE 1. A draft should never exceed the sum theia due to the teacher. 

2. Every draft must be ordered and approved hj the School Committee. 

3. Every order in favor of a school teacher must be accompanied by a report 
from the School Committee^ stating the name of the teacher and the length of 
time for which the school was kept during the current year. 

The teacher must exhibit to the Treasurer a regular certificate from the 
■County Examiner, dated within one year after the date of the draft or order, 
.(School Law, Section 13.) 



7. Draft for Building, Exj^enses, (&g. 



DKAFT. 



Township, County of 

"^f^ • • Treasurer for the aforesaid County. 

^aj to , the sum of jqq dollars for ex- 

4 



50 



FORMS. 



pense incurred in (here state the occasion of the expense,) as- 
per annexed bill. 

1 

[>■ Cornmitte^. 

I 
J 

,18.. 

ISToTE 1. The above draft miist be appvoved by the County Commissioners, 
before it is presented to the Coimty Treasin-er, 

2. Such drafts can only be paid fi'om moneys which belong to tlie township, 
i. e. from moneys whicli are raised by taxes on the township. 

3. State apportionments must be expended in the payment of teachers- 
exclusively. (School Law, Section 55.) 



8. Committees Annual Estimate. 

To the Trustees of Township, County of 

The undersigned, School Committee of township, 

in the County of , respectfully submit the following 

estimate of the amonnt of money necessary to sustain the 

public schools in said township for the period of 

months during the school year commencing with October 
1st, IS. . . ., and closing with September 30th, IS. . . . 



STATEMENT OE ESTEMATE. 



Teachers Wages, 

Building, 

Rent, 

Repairs, 

Furniture, 

Apparatus, 

Fuel. 

Contingent Expenses, 




CEJSTTS. 



FORMS. 



51 



We hereby certify the above estimate to be correct, accord- 
ing to our belief and knowledge. 

Dated this .... day of , IS . . 



- Committee. 



Note 1.— This estimate must be certilied and forwarded to tlie Trustees of 
the township and to the County Commissioners ten daj^s before the annual 
township meeting of each year. (School Law, Section 29.) 

2. In case tlie township fails at any annual meeting to provide for schools to 
be taught at least four months of that year the fact should be endorsed on a 
copy of the estunate and forwarded to the County Commissioners. (School 
Law, Section 25.) 



9. Annual census hy the Committee of township, 

in the County of .... , North Carolina. 

NUMBER OF PERSONS IN THE TOWNSHIP BETWEEN 6 AND 21 
YEARS OF AGE. 



WHITE. 


COLORED. 


INDIAN. 








1 






REMARKS, 




o 




o 




O 




XI 


-^ 


O 




o 


a 




3J 




cS 
% 




03 


Fein 


• 

















.52 ■ FORMS. 

NUMBEK OF INDIAN CHILDREN TJNDEE GUAEDIANSHIP, 



NAME OF SUCH CHILDREN, 



NAME OF GUARDIAN. 



We do hereby certify that the above census is correct 
accordino- to our belief and knowledo-e. 



Committee . 



jtqtj.^ — The to-wnship scliool census mvist be taken anmially in the month^of 
June, and a sworn return made to the Trustees of the township and to the 
County Commissioners, on or before the first day of July. (School Law, Sec- 
tion 82.) 



FOE SCHOOL EXAMINER. 



10. Notice of time ani ^lace for the eocaminaiion of teachers. 



jSTotice is hereby given that the Sc^icol Examiner of 

■county will hoM an examination of candidates for teachers of 



-common schools in said count v, at 



on .... of . 



FORMS. 53- 

Eacli applicant for a certificate is requested to be punctually 
present. 



Examiner. 
18.. 



The above notice must be advertised either in some news- 
paper which is published, or has general circulation in the 
county, or by written (printed) posters ; also must be sent to 
each township. School Committee of the county at least twenty 
days before the day appointed for examination, (See School 
Law, Section 36 (1.) 



64 



FORMS. 



O 

o 



ft 











p4 

a 




Studies examined in. 


M'Buacn'BJ-t) 




•i!qdBJ§08£) 




•oi:^aaiq;i,iY 




•:3'ui:|u^Y 




•SuipBe^ 




•i!qdBjSor[:^jQ 




•pauiurexa sauiij;, 


•GSUodxg;.i. ' 


■sSy 








P3 "" 




C ?i 






f4 





FORMS. 



55 



O 
I— I 

< 



Q 







m 

« 

P^ 






'UOp'B 11111113X9 

UT poTcInooo sA'up jo joqiiuij^ 




Gkand 

Total. 




o 

< 


O 

O 


•sopiug^ 


■p98nj9^j 




•[39:;n'Ba-c) 






•p9snj9^ 




S9[BJ\[ 


•p9;uBjJc) 




a5 


•891131119^ 


•p9snj9H 




•pg^ire.TX) 




•sgiupf 


■p98nj9^ 




•p9:^iii3j-{c^ 




O 

o 




•S9 [131119 J 




•S9I13J,\[ 




0) 
-l-J 


•S9[13LU9j[ 




'S8I^JM 




•p9ni 


■89 [13 TO 9^ 






■sai^K 





56 



FOBMS. 



12. Heport of County School Examiner^ {School Law^ 
Section -i.) 

Report of County School Examiner of County,, 

N. C, to the Superintendent of Public Instruction for 
the school year ending September 30, IS.... (To be- 
forwarded on or before the first day of October.) 

1. Number of meetings held for the examination 

of teachers during the year, ^ 

2. ISTumber of localities in which meetings were 

held during the year, ^ 

3. Is^umber of applicants for certificates, number of certifi- 
cates granted and number of applications rejected, race and* 
nativity of applicants. 



Whole No. of 

applications for 

certificates. 


No. of certifi- 
cates granted. 


Applications 
rejected. 


No. of colored 
applicants. 


No. of applicants^ 

natives of this 

State. 


e5 

■3 , 




o 


6 
"3 


Female. 
Total. 


6 
"3 


c5 
1 


o 


"3 


6 
"3 


3 
O 


"3 


6 
"3 

i 


•3 
o 






























- 



FORMS. 57 

4. ISTumber of applicants for certificates, 

5. Munber of different applicants to whom no 

certificate was granted, 

6. JSTumber of applicants under 20 years of age, 

7. Were oral or written answers required of 

applicants ? 

8. Were the questions presented orally or in 

writing? •. 

9. Whole number of Townships in the County, 

10. Whole number of schools in the County, 

white • , colored , 

11. Mimber of schools continued longer than 

four months, 

12. JSTumber of grades schools, 

I^umber of first grade, 

Number of second 2:rade, 

jSTumber of third grade, 

13. JSTumber of ungraded schools in the County, 

14. JSTumber of school houses in the County, 

15. The material of which the houses are built, 

16. Number of school houses built during the year, 

17. Cost of houses built during the year, 

18. Cost of furnishing new houses, 

19. JSTumber of Teachers' Institutes held in the 

County during the year, 

20. Name of President or Secretary of County 

Teachers Association, 



58 FORMS. 

21. Amount paid County Examiner for services 
during the year, 
I certify the foregoing to be correct. 



County School Examiner. 
K'ortli Carolina, 
18.. 



13. Revocation of Teacherls CeHificate. 

To the School Committee of Township, 

County, K C: 

Whekeas, on the day of , 18 . . , a 

certificate was granted to , authorizing him (or 

her) to teach orthography, &c., for the term of one year, and 
he (or she) is now engaged as a teacher in said Township ; 

And whereas, it has been reported, and I have become sat- 
isfied, that is an unfit person to be retained 

as such teacher, in consequence of ijiere state the offence^ 

Therefore you are hereby required to discharge and dismiss 

said from his (or her) said employment, as 

his (or her) said certificate is hereby revoked. 



School Examines. 

,18.. 



Note. — (1.) A teacher's certificate may be revoked when he is not engaged 
as a teacher. 

(2,) Report of said revocation must be made forthwith to the Count}- Com- 
missioners and the Superintendent of Public Instruction. [School Law sec- 
tion 36,] (2.) 



FORMS. 59 

14. ' Form of Teacher's Certificate., Prescribed hy the Board 
of Education. {School Law Section 3.) 



TEACHER S FIRST GRADE CERTIFICATE. 



No. 



Know all men by these presents, that having 

furnished satisfactory evidence of good moral character and 
passed an examination in Orthography, Eeading, Writing, 
Geography, History and English Grammar, Book-keeping, 

Algebra and Natural Philosophy, is hereby 

authorized to teach in the public schools of 

County, for one year from the date hereof, unless this certifi- 
cate be annulled. 

Given under my hand, and seal of the Board of Commis- 
sioners of said County, (m the day of , 

in the year of our Lord, eighteen hundred and 



Examiner. 



15. Teacher's Second Grade Certificate. 

Know all men by these presents, that having 

furnished satisfactory evidence of good moral character and 
passed an examination in Orthography, Eeading, Writing, 
Arithmetic, Geography, History and English Grammar, 

is authorized to teach in the public schools of 

County, for one year from the date hereof, 

unless this certificate be annulled. 



60 FORMS. 

Given under my hand and the seal of the Board of Couutj 

Commissioners of said County, on the day of 

in the year of our Lord, eighteen hundred and 



Exmniner. 



DESCRIPTION OF SCHOOL HOUSES, 

TKOM PLANS AND DRAWINGS ISSUED BY THE STATE SUPEEINTEN- 
DENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION AND APPROVED BY THE BOARD 
OF EDUCATION. 



These plans and drawings, with specifications, can be 
obtained from the State Superintendent's office. 

Ever}' school house should be provided with blackboards, 
attached to the wall behind the teacher's desk, or in other 
"j)Ositions convenient for the pupils. 




School House ISTo. 1, 

House ISTo, 1 is a frame house, 24x24 feet from outside to out- 
^side, and 12 feet high to the square, with an arched ceiling. 



62 



SCHOOL HOUSES. 




Plan of House ITo. 1. 



It has a vestibule 15x8|- feet from outside to outside. The 
windows are hung on sash cords and axle pulleys, for conve- 
nience in veutilating the room. There is a iloor register 
placed under the stove for the admission of fresh air. The 
main room will take in the platform for teacher's desk and 
four rows of double desks, which will accommodate fifty 
pupils. A bookcase can be fixed between the doors at the 
lower end of the room, with lock and key, for safe keeping of 
books, stationery, &c. The vestibule is supplied with shelves 
and hat-pins or hooks, waterbench and washstand. 



SCHOOL HOUSES. 



63 




School House No. 2. 



House JSTo. 2 is a frame house, 2-ix36 feet from outside to out- 
side, 14 feet high to the scpare, with an arched ceiling. 



SJi- 



SCHOOL HOUSES. 




Plan of House No. 2. 



The yestibule is 15x8^ feet from outside to outside. The 
whole building is iinished in the same manner as that of 
Fio^ure 1, and will accommodate seventy-five pupils. 



SCHOOL HOUSES. 



65 



yA^M 




School House No. 3. 

Figure 3 is a brick house, 2tt|-x37 feet from outside to out- 
side, and 14 feet high to the square, with an arched ceiling. 
The vestibule is 15|-x9 feet. 

The provision for ventilation and the interior arrangements, 
are the same as that of figure 2, and the room will accommo- 
date seventy-five pupils. 




School House No. 4. 



$ 



^SB 



SCHOOL HOUSES. 



Figure 4 is a stone house, 26x38 feet from outside to outside, 
and 14 feet liigh to tlie square', with an arched ceiling. 

The vestibule is 16^-xlO feet from outside to outside. 

This building is finished in the same manner as that of 
-house ISTo. 3, and has accommodation for seventy-five pupils. 




School House Ko. 5. 



Figure 5 is a frame house, 24|-x46 feet from outside to out- 
.side, and 14 feet high to the square, with an arched ceiling. 



SCHOOL HOUSES. 



67 



1 one 



The vestibule is 15x 
8| feet from outside to 
outside. 

The main building is 
divided bj a sash parti- 
tion into two rooms — 
one 24x28 feet; the 
other 24x18 feet. The 
sashes are hung upon 
cords and pulleys, and 
may be raised so as to 
throw both rooms into 
When the sashes 
j are down, the noise from 
I one room is entirely 
i shut out from the other ; 
I but the Principal can 
i overlook the Assist- 
; ant's room through the 
i glass partition. Each 
; of the rooms is ventil- 
: ated and furnished in 
I the same manner as the 
building before de- 
scribed. This house 
w^ill accommodate one 
hundred pupils. 



Plan of House Ko. 5. 
In all cases when two-story or larger houses pre required, 
special plans and drawings will be prepared. 




68 



SCHOOL HOUSES. 



r I 1 1 1 1 1 

" I 

I 



School Koom 28i-x23 feet, for 35 Pupils, ^vitli Single^Desks. 



The divisions in the ro-ws represent the spaces ' occupied by 
the desks and seats. Single desks occupy 2 feetTin'front by 2J- 
in the row ; inside aisles 3|- feet ; outside aisles 3,feet. Teach- 
er's platform 5x6 feet. 



SCHOOL HOUSES. 



69 




A diagram showing the arrangement of School Rooms for 
42, 48, 56 and 64 pupils, with double desks. Also, the size 
.and position of the Teacher's room and ante rooms adjoining. 

Full sized double desks occupy a floor space equal to 4 feet 
in front by 2^ feet in rear. The side aisles 3|- feet wide ; 



70 SCHOOL HOUSES. 

inside aisles 2 feet ; rear aisle, 3 feet ; teacher's platform, 5- 
feet. The size of the teacher's room and ante-rooms are- 
shown in the engraving. 

Plan of School House for Foett-two Pupils. — Forty- 
two pupils will require twenty-one double desks. The most 
convenient form of arrangement is to divide them into three 
rows, of seven in a row. These are indicated by the contin- 
uous lines. Those with dotted lines have reference to other 
plans. Allowing for aisles and platform as above, the size of 
the plan is 28-| by 23 feet. Each pupil and the teacher will 
have an average area on the floor of fifteen square feet. Th& 
height of the ceiling should be 12 feet. This gives 180 cubic 
feet of air to each occupant of the room. The ante-rooms are 
8 by 6 feet ; teacher's room, 6 by 7 feet. Outside measurement^ 
36 by 24 feet. 

Plan of School House for Forty-eight Pupils. — The 
size of the room is 30|- by 23 feet. Outside measurement of 
plan is 38 by 24 feet. The height of ceiling should be 13 
feet. 

Plan of School House for Fifty-six Pupils. — To lengthen* 
the room would make it disproportionate for its width. It is- 
better to bring the rear wall to its former position, making- 
the sides 28|- feet in length, and extend on the right, as repre- 
sented in the cut by the heavy dotted line, far enough ta 
give space for another row of desks, (4 feet,) and aisle, (2 feet,) 
making its size 28-| by 29 feet. Eemove the teacher's plat- 
form 3 feet to the right. Extend the front wall 2 feet to give 
opportunity for enlarging the ante-room and the teachers* 
room. The ante-rooms are 8 by 8 feet, and the teachers' are 
13 by S feet. The ceiling should be 13^ to 14 feet nigh. 



SCHOOL BOUSES. 



71 



Plan of School House foe sixtt-fouk Pupils. — Follow- 
ing out the same mode of enlarging as before, we remove the 
rear wall two feet and get room for another desk at each of 
the four rows, indicated in the cut by dotted lines. Each row 
now contains eight double desks, at which sixty-four pupils 
may be accommodated. The room is 30^ by 29 feet. Out- 
side measurment 40 by 30 feet. Ceiling 14 feet high.r 

Table of School Eooms, showing sizes required for the 
different desks to seat a given number of pupils. The side 
aisles, are 3-| feet ; inside aisles, 2 feet ; rear aisles, 3 feet ; 
front aisle and platform, 8 feet ; space allowed a desk in row, 
2^ feet. 



Desks 



No. 1. 
No. 2. 
No. 3. 

No. 4. 



Length. 



4 ft. in. 
3 ft. 10 in, 
3 ft. 8 in. 
3 ft. 6 in. 



Size of Eoom, 



42 28>^ by 23 ft. 
42 28^by22i<ft. 
42 283^ by 22 ft. 
42|28>^by21i<rft. 



w. 




m 


ft 


Size of 


"B, 


s 


Eoom. 


Ph 


O 




o 


55 




^ 


48:31 by 23 ft. 


56 


48i31by22i^ft 


56 


48131 by 22 ft. 


56 


48 


31 by 211^ ft 


56 



rt Size of Eoom. 



i%J4 by 29 ft. 
28>^ by 28K ft. 
28^ by 27=3 ft. 
28X by 27 ft. 



Size of Eoom. 



31 by 29 feet. 
31 by;28X feet. 
31 by 27% feet. 
31 by!27 feet.— 



72 



SCHOOL HOUSES. 




o 
t— i 

'o 
o 

'o 
be 

o 



bD 



SCHOOL BOUSES. 73 

A good log house will last a generation. The main build- 
ing is 34 by 30 feet, with a lean to of eight feet, sub-divided 
into a teacher's room and ante-rooms ; pitch of roof 17 feet ; 
projection of eaves 3 feet ; height of ceiling 13 feet. 

Select timber which will last well when exposed to the 
weather. The logs should be 10 to 12 inches in diameter. 
The sills might be heavier, say 16 inches squared, hollowed at 
the ends and pinned, or, better, spiked with 60 penny nails. 
The floor timbers are morticed with the sills and supported in 
centre by a beam. The ceiling, joists and rafters are lighter, 
say 7 inches. The joists may be stayed to the rafters to pre- 
vent their settling. Still smaller sticks may be used for the 
partitions, say 4 or 5 inches in diameter. 

There are several ways of making the partitions. One is to 
lay the logs horizontally between two standards or upright 
posts at each end. Another is, plough out a groove in larger 
sticks, say two inches deep. Set up one at each end of a par- 
tition and for door posts. Hew down the ends of the stuff for 
partitions so they will fit nicely into the groove. This done, 
put them in their places. They should be smoothly payed on 
each side with stiff clay, or chinked in the ordinary way. 
They may also be made of tongued and grooved inch and 
a quarter stuff, set upright, run into grooves in a head piece 
above and fixed by strips nailed each side at the bottom. Let 
the roof project far over the sides to shield them from the. 
storms and hot sun. 

The ceiling may be covered with boards, battened, and the 

whole inside whitewashed. It is better, however, to lathe and 

p laster,^when lime, sand and hair are obtainable. Then, with 

good furniture the establishment may well challenge our 



7^ SCHOOL HOUSES. 

pride. On such a house not over two hundred dollars in 
money need be expended to accommodate fifty to sixty-four 
pupils. 

The finial (the ornament on the peak of the roof,) should be 
made of some regularly branching sapling, the limbs trimmed 
to even lengths. 



Plan of Log School House for sixty pupils. 

Description of Plan. — A, School room, 32x28 feet. B, 
Boys' ante-room, 8x7 feet. 0, Girls' ante-room, 8x7 feet. 
D. Teacher's ante-room, 11x7 feet. 

Size of desk to be used ISo. 3. Side aisles, 3^ feet. Centre 
aisle, 2| feet. Eear isle, 4 feet. 

Outside measurement, 31x30 feet. 

By using desks size No. 3, the aisles will be of good width, 
The first tier of seats should be set about five feet from the 



SCHOOL HOUSES. 



75' 



back end. Should it be preferred to have the girls and boys 
enter their ante-rooms from separate yards on either side of 
the building, this can be attained by changing the doors from 
the front to the sides, and placing the windows in front. Tha 
garret over the school room is large. There should be a trap 
door in the ceiling and a ladder to ascend to the garret. On 
one side of the chimney a stationary Venetian blind should be- 
placed, to be used in connection with the window in the other- 
end, to allow the air to escape that may become heated in 
summer or vitiated from any cause. If care be taken in the 
construction, and then, the finishing include lathing and plas- 
tering, as well as ventilating and lighting in ;i proper manner, 
the log school house will do well for many years. 

The appearance of the building will be decidedly improved 
by a good coat of paint in such colors as will present a 
pleasing and striking contrast. 




^ 
%*i^ 






Design for a plain country School House. 



76 SCHOOL HOUSES. 

This house corresponds in style and general construction to 
the requirements of a school of thirty-five, forty-two, forty- 
eight, fifty-six or sixty-four pupils. The ground plan is 
described on pages 68, 69, TO. 

_5z7Z of materials and loorlifoT school house 40x30/6^^;, ceili7ig 
14: feet, pitch of roof "i^feet. 

Feet. 

Frame, 2x6 inches, 1,600 feet long, 1,600 

Partitions, 3x4 inches, 560 feet long, 560 

Sills, 6x8 inches, 140 feet long, 560 

Plates, 3x6 inches, 140 feet long, 210 

Floor timbers, 30 pieces, 3x10 inches, 30 feet long, 2,250 

Bearing beam, 1 piece, 6x8 inches, 40 feet, 160 

Ceiling joists, 13 pieces, 3x8 inches, 30 feet long, 780 

Kafters, 28 pieces, 3x8 inches, 20 feet long, 1,120 

Flooring, (surface measure,) 1,200 

Pvoof Boards, 1,600 

"Wainscoting, 600 

Boards for finishing, 1,500 

Total, 14,340 

Shingles, 14,000 

Laths, 6,000 

Plastering, yards, 470 

Brick, (8x4 by 2 inches,) 1,500 

"Windows, 9 

X)oors, 4 



SCHOOL HOUSES. 77 

Nails, kegs, 10 

Carpenter's work, days, , 320 

Mason's work, days, 44 

The specifications wMcii follow give some different sizes for 
the timber from the above. Either will answer. The me- 
chanic will exercise his choice in that regard. The size fixed 
upon should be stated in the specifications. 

Specifications for school huilding of wood, one story high, 
thirty feet front and rear, and forty from front to rear, 
to finish fourteen feet high in the clear of floor and ceiling 
when done. 

TiMBEE. — Floor beams, 3x8 inches, placed 20 inches from 
centres, and will rest on 7 by 9 bearing beam, extending 
from front to rear ; this bearing beam to rest on five posts, 
not less than 7 inches at the small end and 5 feet long ; sills 
6 by 8 inches ; floor beams framed in plates, 4 by 6 inches, 
well halved together at the angles. Rafter, 3 by T inches, 
placed 20 inches apart from centres, with collars IJ by 7 
inches, 12 feet long, spiked on each pair of rafters. Ceiling 
joists, 2 by 8 inches, placed 30 inches from centres, and sus- 
pended from the rafters by strips of board. All the above 
will be good, sound yellow pine. 

Siding. — The building to be what is termed box-framed ; 
exterior formed with 1^ inch matched white pine plank, 16 
feet long, with battens, 2|- by 1^ inch, nailed over each joint. 

FuBKiNG. — Ceiling furred for lathing on strips 1 by 2 inches, 
placed 12 inches from centres ; horizontal furring nailed on 



■78 SCHOOL HOUSES. 

the inside of the siding boards, placed 20 inches apart, and on 
them nailed vertical strips of furring, 1 by 2 inches, placed 12 
inches from centres, and upon these put the lath. 

Partitions. — These set v/ith 3 by 4 joists, placed 12 inches 
from centres ; doors placed where shown. These will be 2 
feet 10 inches, by 7 feet 6 inches. 

Floor. — Lay floor with 1|- inch yellow pine matched plank, 
not exceeding 9 inches in width. 

Hoof. — Cover rafters with yellow pine boards, not exceed- 
ing 3 inches apart, and on them put heart pine or cypress 
rshaved shingles, laying them not more than one-third of their 
length to the weather, the roof to have a pitch of 7^ inches to 
the foot. 

CoEisncE. — The ends of the rafters to be planed, with neat 
finishing boards put on ; they will project 3 feet on all sides. 
Put in each gable a stationary Venetian blind in suitable 
frame, with slats 3 to 4 inches wide. 

Ventilator. — Two ventilating flues are to be made, one on 
•each side of the room as directed, and one in the recitation 
room, each 12 by 12 inches inside, made of thoroughly sea- 
soned piue Ih inch thick, joints painted with white lead, to 
unite in the garret and proceed tlience to the ventilator-top in 
the roof, which is to be of a capacity equal to that of all the 
flues which empty into it. There is to be a register near the 
floor and one just underneath the ceiling in each flue. The 
openings are to be filled in such manner that they may be 
readily closed at pleasure. 

Plastering. — Ceilings and side walls all lathed with good 
4 feet sawed lath put on with not less than five nailings. All 
.parts of the building lathed will have two good and sufficient 



SCHOOL HOUSES. 79 

coats of brown mortar, extra well haired, put on and worked 
down straight and true. 

Chimney, (for stove.) — Construct chimney with brick, make 
flue 9 by 9 inches, this commenced 2 feet below line of ceiling 
and carried 2|^ feet above ridge of roof, and furnished with 
Btove collar and soot drawer ; chimney supported on joists 
standing on the floor, or chimney can be built up from the 
ground. 

Painting and Glazing. — All wood work will have three 
coats of light drab paint ; cornice, dressing to doors and win- 
dows and water table, will all be painted a dark brown. 
Sashes all glazed with good American glass, well tinned and 
set in good putty. 

Wainscoting. — Sides and front end of school room ceiled 
up two feet high witli half inch yellow pine, not over four 
inches wide, tongued, grooved and beaded. Back end of 
«chool room and ante-rooms all ceiled with same material, and 
will be four feet high. All wainscoting to be neatly capped 
with proper mouldings. 

Windows. — Each window composed of twelve lights of 12 
by 18 inches. Sashes one and three-eights inch thick, hung 
with cords, weights and pulleys. Frames to be what are 
termed box frames, all constructed with good, sound, seasoned 
heart pine. All windows neatly cased on inside and outside. 

DooKs. — All doers one and one-half inch thick, made in six 
panels, (three wide,) and will be two feet ten inches wide and 
seven feet six inches Ingh, made from good, sound, seasoned 
white pine, hung with cast butts. 



80 



SCHOOL HOUSES. 







SCHOOL HOUSES. 



81 




Plan of House for 84 pupils. 

School room, 38 by 36 feet ; A and B, ante-rooms, 9 by 8 
feet ; C, teacher's room, 12 by 8 feet ; D, recitation room, 20 
by 16 feet ; H H, desks, (No. 4,) 3 feet 6 inches long ; outside 
aisles, 3 feet 6 inches ; center aisle, 2 feet 4 inches ; inside 
aisles, 1 foot 8 inches ; S S, position of stoves. 

Bill of materials and work for School House 46 5?/ 36 feet, 
with addition l^hy 1?> feet. 



.'Sills, 10 by 3 inches, 280 feet long, 
Plates, 6 by 4 inches, 160 feet long, 
Beams, 6 by 6 inches, 250 feet long. 
Posts, 6 by 6 inches, 225 feet long. 
Studs and girts, 4 by 3 inches, 4,000 feet long, 
Moor joists, 19 by 3 inches, 1,550 feet long, 
6 



Feet. 

TOO 
320 

T50 

6T5 

4,000 

4,650 



82 SCHOOL HOUSES. 

Ceiling joists, 8 by 3 inclies, 1,500 feet long, 3,000' 

Eafters, 8 by 3 inclies, 1,800 feet long, 3,60a 

Collar beams, 6 by 1 J inches, 340 feet long, 212;- 

Eoof boards, 6,000 

Flooring (surface measure) 2,350^ added 600,) 2,950- 

Siding (surface measure) 4,700J added, 1200,) 5,900 

Battens, 1,000 

Finisbing stuff, 5,500 

Wainscoting, 80O 

Total, 40,057 

Shingles, 23,500 

Doors, (8 by 3 feet,) ' 

Windows, 10 by 8 inches, 18 lights, 9- 

Windows, 10 by 8 inches, 12 lights, 2^ 

Window, (muUion,) 1 

Bricks, (8 by 4 by 2,) 1,000 

Lath, 13,000 

Nails, kegs * 13 

Carpenter's work, days 450 

Mason's work, days T5 



SCHOOL HOUSES. 



83 




Plan for Tillage School. 

Explanation of Cut. — A, and B, school rooms, 29x37i-feet; 
C, recitation room, 13x8 feet; E, E, girls ante-rooms, 7x7 feet 
opening from F, porch, 13x8 feet; D, D, boys' ante-room, 
7x7 feet opening from G, G, porches, 7x5 feet ; size of build- 
ing on ground, 66x37i foet. 

"When the schools do not require the room C, for purposes 
of recitation, it might be made a retiring room for those who 
wish to study when the rest are at play. But the schoolrooms 
should not be a place of noise and confusion at any time. 



ARRANGEMENT OF DESKS. 



To lay off the floor of a room for putting down the furni- 
ture strike a chalk line, along one side, three and a half feet 
from the wall. This marks the width of an aisle, also the 
side of a row of desks. Measure off the length of a desk and 
strike another line jiarallel with the tirst. Lay off the width 
of an inside aisle next, then a row of desks, and so on until 
there remains only space enough for the outside aisle, three 
and a half feet wide. 

^ow begin at the back end of the room. Draw a line 
across it three and a half feet from the wall. This gives the 
position for the standards of a range of seats. Put them in 
their places. Set up a desk so that the edge next the pupil 
will fall less than half an inch short of a vertical line touch- 
ing the front edge of the seat. The space which a desk and 
seat occupy in a row is now obtained ; with it lay off other 
cross lines denoting the positions of the rest of the desks. 

The larger desks stand at the back of the room. Two, 
three, or four different heights will be required. They need 
not vary in length. Six inches is allowed for the width of the 
seat standards and the slope of the backs, when commencing 
to lay off at the back side of the room. 



86 



DESKS. 



SCALE OF MEASUREMENT OF DESKS AND SEATS. 





DESK. 


SEAT. 




Size. 


Width. 


Height of 

edge from 

floor. 


Widtii. 


Height of 

edge from 

floor. 


Length of 

Desk and 

Seat. 


No. 1 

No. 2 

No. 3 

No. 4 


Inches. 
18 
16 
14 
12 


Inches. 

241 
2U 

20 


Inches. 
12 
11 

m 

10 


Inches. 
16 
13J 
11 
10 


Inches. 
48 
46 
44 
42 



CLOSING SEAT SCHOOL DESK. 




Description of the Desk and its advantages. 

1. The movable seat, which is made to turn \\])ow a strong 
metalic rod, (generally of iron) closing or folding np so as to 



DESKS. 87 

•open an aisle between the desks, through which persons may 
freely pass in cleaning the school room, or for other purposes. 
The seat presents no obstruction whatever. Where the desk 
is used there need be no filthy school rooms, as the floor is so 
little encumbered that it may be as effectually cleansed as if 
the room were clear of furniture. 

2. It occupies less space than any other desks of equal size, 
-while it affords the greatest convenience for the ingress and 
•egress of pupils. 

3. It costs less than any other good desk made of the same 
materials, and is so simple in construction that it may be 
made by any good mechanic. 

4. The seate are comfortable and so constructed as to pro- 
mote the health of pupils. The back is inclined to support 
the loins as well as the shoulders. 

5. It is neat in appearance and tastefully formed, possessing 
■great strength and durability. 

6. It can be made so cheaply as to admit of introduction 
into the humblest school, or in such style as vfiW meet the 
wants of the highest grade of schools, academies and colleges. 

These desks can be made of any kind of wood, but the hard 
woods are the best. When made of walnut, cherry, oak, ash 
or birch, they may be finished in oil, which is much cheaper 
than varnish, more durable and generally preferred. 

These desks have already been introduced into many schools 
in other States. 

To facilitate their manufacture, lithograph working draw- 
ings, accompanied by printed instructions, will be furnished. 

This desk is patented, but permit to make it can be obtained 
;at the office of Superintendent of Public Instruction, Ealeigh. 



88 



DESKS. 



CLOSING SEAT DESK WITH JRO'SS STANDAEDS. 




This desk is convenient and graceful. Its advantages ar( 
so similar to desk !N"o. 1, that tliej' need not be stated. 



L.of 



BLACKBOARDS. 



Blackboards are indispensable. Thej facilitate and lighten 
the labors of the school room. Many pupils can be taught 
simultaneously ; instruction addresses not onl}'- the ear but 
the eye ; thus the attention is gained and interest excited. 

There are several styles of Blackboards. 

1. They can be made of white pine, white wood, or other 
similar grained wood, in width about four or four and a half 
feet, and painted black. The paint should be slightly gritty, 
durable and smoothly put on. Thus made, the board can be 
attached to the wall either in the rear of the teacher's desk or 
on the sides of the room. 

2. Plaster Blackboard. — This board is made by giving 
a portion of the plastered wall a hard finish, and painting it, 
(the hard finish) black. This " Jiard finish " can be put on an 
old as well as a new surface. A belt of this black surface can be 
made entirely around the room. Unless extended to the floor, 
its lower edge should be about two feet from the floor, and 
should reach upward from 3 to 5|- feet. 

3. Movable Blacivboard. — This is made by hanging a 
board of the first kind on pivots within a frame. The size 
should be such that it can be easily moved upon the floor. 

4. Blackboard Paper. — As a cheap and temporary expe- 
dient, a kind of paper has been prepared, which gives to the 
board or the wall on which it may be posted, a slated surface 



90 BLACKBOARDS. 

of tolerable strength. These paper boards can be mounted 
so as to be portable and ornamental. 

5. Slate Blackboakd. — Large slates (stone) from three 
feet wide to four feet long, mounted on portable frames or 
fastened to the wall, make an article for blackboard purposes 
superior to any other material, it is more durable, and in a 
series of years, more economical. 

Remakes. — " In all cases," the last excepted, " let the board 
be kept dry ; never allow the pupil to wet the wiper when 
removing the chalk." 



OUTBUILDINGS AND IMPROVEMENTS. 



Shelter foe Fuel. — In connection with every school house 
s, shelter should be provided for fuel — one convenient, ample, 
■easily secured, and a protection from the vs^eather, 

Water Closets. — Two water closets should be provided 
for each school house — one for each sex ; they should not stand 
near each other, nor within one hundred feet of the house. 
The entrances should be sheltered by screens. The yards in 
which they are placed should be divided by a high, tight 
board fence, or an impenetrable evergreen hedge. The vaults 
should be so constructed that they can be easily cleansed ; 
they ought to be often cleared and cleansed, and constantly and 
abundantly supplied with disinfectants, such as lime, wood 
ashes, &@. These establishments must not be permitted to 
become nuisances, either to the school or the neighborhood. 

Fences, provided with the necessary gates and substantially 
built should enclose the grounds of every school house, other- 
wise, the improvements made within the grounds will be sub- 
ject to encroachment, damage, and probably, destruction. 

Shade and Ornamental Trees and Shrubs should be 
planted in the grounds and nurtured into maturity. Every 
yard can be well stocked with small expense beyond the labor 
required to transplant the trees. 

Deainage. — Every part of the school house grounds should 
be subject to complete drainage. 

A Well or Pump should be furnished to every school house. 

N. B. — ISTo scholar of either sex should be permitted to enter that part of the 
yard and buildings appropriated to the other, without the teacher's permission. 



APPENDIX. 



I. The attention of County Commissioners is directed to 
the following act, whicli provides for the filling of certain 
township ofl&ces which may become vacant : 

AN ACT TO PROVIDE FOK THE FILLING OF VACANCIES OCCUKEING- 
IN THE OFFICES PROVIDED FOE IN ARTICLE SEVEN, OF THE 
CONSTITUTION OF NORTH CAROLINA. 

Section 1. TJie General Assembly of North Carolina do 
enact, That every vacancy occurring in any of the offices 
provided for in article seven, of the Constitution of !N"ortli 
Carolina, shall be filled, unless otherwise provided for by law, 
by a majority of the Board of County Commissioners of the 
county in which such vacancy may 03cur ; Provided, That 
any vacancy occurring in the Board of Commissioners of any 
county shall be filled by the Governor of the State. 

Sec. 2. This act shall take effect from and after the date of 
its passage. 

Eatified the 2Tth day of July, A. D. 1868. 



dJL APPEJfDIX. 

II, Board of Education cannot sell property except as pre- 
scribed by law. 

Alf ACT EST KELATION TO PEOPEETY BELONGING TO THE BOAED 
or EDTJCATION. 

Section 1. The General Assembly of North Carolina do 
enact ^ That no sales of swamp lands, stocks or otlier property 
appropriated to the cause of education, shall be made except 
by the authority of the General Assembly, on such terms as 
shall be prescribed by law, and all laws in conflict with this 
act are hereby repealed. 

Sec. 2. This act shall go into eflect from and after its ratifi- 
cation. 

Eatified the 17th day of March, A. D. 1S69. 



III. Orders of the Board of Education. 

Office of Board of EducatioNj. 
Ealeigh, July loth, 1869. 

At a meeting of the Board of Education held this- day it 
was Toted : 

"Wheeeas, Article IX, section 4, of the Constitution of th& 
State prescribes that the net proceeds that may accrue to the 
State from fines, penalties and forfeitures shall constitute a 
part of the State Public School Fund ; and 

Whereas, By section 9 of " An act to provide for a system 
of public instruction," all moneys belonging or owing to the 
Public School Eund shall be paid to the Treasurer of the 
Board of Education ; and 



APPEJfDIX. 95 

Whereas, By section 5 of the aforesaid act the Public Trea- 
surer is constituted Treasurer of the Board of Education : it 
is hereby 

Ordered, That Clerks of Courts and all other persons to 
whom there have been paid or entrusted any moneys arising 
from fines, penalties and forfeitures which may belong to the 
State, are hereby instructed and directed to forward forthwith 
such aforesaid sums of money to Hon, D. A. Jenkins, Public 
Treasurer : also. 

That the aforesaid Clerks and other persons are further 
instructed and directed to pay over to the said Public Treas- 
urer, within ten days from the first day of January, April, 
July and October of each year, all moneys on account of fines, 
penalties and forfeitures which may be in their possession ; 
also, 

That the aforesaid payments shall be made in such manner 
as the Public Treasurer shall direct. 

W. W. HOLDEIT, President. 

S. S. Ashley, Secretary. 

Tkeasuey Department, 
Raleigh, N. C, July 22, 1869. 
Clerks of Courts and all other persons who may have 
received moneys arising from fines, penalties and forfeitures, 
belonging to the State, are hereby directed to forward the 
same to me immediately by Express, Eegistered Letter or 
Post Office Order, All such moneys which may hereafter be 
received by the aforesaid officers, will be forwarded to me in 
the same manner, within ten days from the first day of Jan- 
iiary, April, July and October of each year. 



96 APPEJfDIX. 

All officers whose duty it is to receive such moneys, will be 
held to strict accountability for the same. 
Yery respectfully, 

D. A. JENKINS, 

Treasurer Board of Education. 

N. B. — The above order is directed to all Justices of the 
Peace as well as Clerks of Courts, 

STATE OF NOKTH CAEOLINA, 
Office Board of Education, . 
Raleigh. October Yth, 1869. 
To wJiom it 7nay concern : 

At a meeting of the Board of Education, held this day, it 
was 

Ordered., That County Commissioners, and all other persons 
having in their possession securities or money of any tenor or 
date, which were received from the Board of Literature or 
have accrued from any funds which were distributed by said 
Board at any time, or which are designed or held for any 
public sqIiooI purposes whatsoever, be and hereby are in- 
structed to forward the same, at the earliest opportunity, to 
Hon. D, A. Jenkins, Treasurer of this Board. 
By order : 

S. S. ASHLEY, Secretary. 

IfoTE. — The aforesaid order is authorized by the Constitution of the State, 
Article IX, Section 4. 



TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



Page. 
Inteoduction, 3 

Constitution, Art. 1, sec. 21, Art. IX, ---.-... 5 

UNI^^;RSITy, 

Organization of, g 

Trustees, how appointed, -.--.... '7 

School Law, ----.--.-.'.. h 

Studies, and Rules for Examination of Teachers, - - - - 35 

Duties and Poavers of Board of Education and School Officers, - 39 

Forms, 

Certificate of election of school officers, 45 

Appointment of School Examiner, - 46 

Engagement of school officers, 46 

Records of School Committee, - - 47 

Contract with teacher, ........ 4*7 

Payment of teacher, - - 48 

Draft for bnilding expenses, cfec, -.-... 49 
Committee's annual estimate, ------- 50 

Annual census by Committee - - 51 

For use of Examiner, .... - 52, 54, 55, 56, 58 

Teachers' certificates, - - - - - - - - 59 

School Houses, 

Description of, and specifications for, - - - - 61 to 83 

Desks, 

Arrangement of, - - - 85 

Measurement a,nd description of, 86, 8*7, 88 

Blackboards, - -----89 

Outbuildings and Improvements, -91 



98 COJfTEJ^TS. 

Appexdis, . Pagee. 

Act authorizing County Commissioners co fill certain vacancies, 93 
Act relating to sale of property belonging to the Board of Edu- 
cation, ----------- 94 

Orders of Board of Education directing how fines, <fcc., shall be 

paid. - - - - - 94, 96 



